In sum, Majapahit was the largest empire ever to form in Southeast Asia. Although its political power beyond the core area in east Java was diffuse, constituting mainly ceremonial recognition of suzerainty, Majapahit society developed a high degree of sophistication in both commercial and artistic activities. Its capital was inhabited by a cosmopolitan population among whom literature and art flourished.
Majapahit had a momentous and lasting influence on
Indonesian architecture. The descriptions of the architecture of the capital's pavilions (
pendopo) in the
Nagarakertagama invoke the Javanese
Kraton also the
Balinese temples and palace compounds of today. The Majapahit architectural style that often employs
terracotta and
red brick had heavily influenced the architecture of Java and Bali in the later period. The Majapahit style
candi bentar split gate, the
kori or
paduraksa towering red brick gate, and also
pendopo pavilion has become ubiquitous in Javanese and Balinese architectural features, as evidence in Kraton Kasepuhan and Sunyaragi park in
Cirebon,
Mataram Sultanate royal cemetery in
Kota Gede,
Yogyakarta, and various palaces and temples in Bali.
In weaponry, the Majapahit expansion is believed to be responsible for the widespread use of the
keris dagger in Southeast Asia; from Java, Bali, Sumatra, Malaysia, Brunei, Southern Thailand, to the Philippines. Although it has been suggested that the keris, and native daggers similar to it, predate Majapahit, nevertheless the empire expansion contributed to its popularity and diffussion in the region.
For Indonesians in later centuries, Majapahit became a symbol of past greatness. The Islamic sultanates of
Demak,
Pajang, and
Mataram sought to establish their legitimacy in relation to the Majapahit.
[31] The Demak claimed a line of succession through Kertabumi, as its founder,
Raden Patah, in court chronicles was said to be the son of Kertabumi with Putri Cina, a Chinese princess, who had been sent away before her son was born.
Sultan Agung's conquest of
Wirasaba (present day Mojoagung) in 1615 — during that time just a small town without significant strategic and economic value — led by the sultan himself, may probably have had such symbolic importance as it was the location of the former Majapahit capital.
[32] Central Javanese palaces have traditions and
genealogy that attempt to prove links back to the Majapahit royal lines — usually in the form of a grave as a vital
link in Java — where legitimacy is enhanced by such a connection.
[citation needed] Bali in particular was heavily influenced by Majapahit and the
Balinese consider themselves to be the true heirs of the kingdom.
Modern Indonesian nationalists, including those of the early 20th century
Indonesian National Revival, have invoked the Majapahit Empire. The memory of its greatness remains in Indonesia, and is sometimes seen as a precedent for the current political boundaries of the Republic. Many of modern Indonesian national symbols derived from Majapahit Hindu-Buddhist elements. The Indonesian national flag
"Sang Merah Putih" ("Red and White") or sometimes called "Dwiwarna" ("The bicolor"), derived from the Majapahit royal color. The Indonesian Navy flag of red and white stripes also has a Majapahit origin. The Indonesian national motto, "
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika", is a quotation from an
Old Javanese poem
"Kakawin Sutasoma", written by a Majapahit poet, Mpu Tantular.
The Indonesian coat of arms,
Garuda Pancasila, also derives from
Javanese Hindu elements. The statue and relief of
Garuda have been found in many temples in Java such as
Prambanan from the ancient
Mataram era, and the
Panataran as well as the
Sukuh temple dated from the Majapahit era. The notable statue of Garuda is the statue of the king
Airlangga depicted as
Vishnu riding
Garuda.
In its propaganda from the 1920s, the
Communist Party of Indonesia presented its vision of a classless society as a reincarnation of a romanticized Majapahit. It was invoked by Sukarno for nation building and by the
New Order as an expression of state expansion and consolidation. Like Majapahit, the modern state of Indonesia covers vast territory and is politically centred on Java.
Palapa, the series of communication satellites owned by Telkom, an Indonesian telecommunication company, has been named after
Sumpah Palapa, the famous oath taken by
Gajah Mada. Gajah Mada swore that he would not taste any spice as long as he had not succeeded in unifying Nusantara (Indonesian archipelago). This ancient oath of unification signifies the Palapa satellite as the modern means to unify the Indonesian archipelago by way of
telecommunication. The name was chosen by president
Suharto, and the program was started in February 1975.
During the last half year of 2008, the Indonesian government sponsored a massive exploration on the site that is believed to be the place where the palace of Majapahit once stood.
Jero Wacik, the Indonesian Minister of Culture and Tourism stated that the
Majapahit Park would be built on the site and completed as early as 2009, in order to prevent further damage caused by home-made brick industries that develop on the surrounding area. Nevertheless, the project leaves a huge attention to some historians, since constructing the park's foundation in Segaran site located in south side of
Trowulan Museum will inevitably damage the site itself. Ancient bricks which are historically valuable were found scattered on the site. The government then argued that the method they were applying were less destructive since digging method were used instead of drilling.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit
